What are the different types of volumetric titration method?

Acid-base titrations, redox titration, and complexometric titrations are the types of volumetric titration in which the concentration of a solute is found by determining the volume.

Titration is a type of quantitative chemical analysis used to determine the concentration of the analyte. It is also called titrimetry in the context of volumetric analysis because the measurement of volume is important in titration. Titrant is added to a burette until the reaction is complete, the equivalence point or end point is usually indicated by a flag. Acid-base, complexometric, precipitation and redox titrations are 4 different types of titrations based on different techniques and purposes.

Titrimetric analysis is a widely used analytical method that involves calculating the volume of a solution of specified concentration and is used to determine the concentration of the compound. In a volumetric titration, a titrant is applied at an unknown concentration along with an indicator that will mark when all the compounds have reacted. Volumetric analysis is known as titrimetric analysis because all experiments are performed by titration reactions in this type of analysis. According to the nature of the reaction, the titrimetric analysis can be classified into three techniques which are acid-base titration, redox titrations and complexometric titration.

Type of volumetric titration method:

Acid-base titration:

This type of titration involves the reaction of an acid and a base. By adding a standard base solution, the estimated value of acid in a sample solution (or vice versa) can be determined. Strong strong acid-base, weak strong acid-base, strong weak acid-base, weak weak acid-base are the types of acid-base titration in which the indicators are selected according to the type of titration and the pH range. The most used indicators in acid-base are phenolphthalein and methyl orange.

Complexometric titration:

This type of titrimetric analysis involves the formation of a color complex to indicate the endpoint of a titration. It is very effective in determining the concentration of various metal ions in the sample solution. Inverse titration, direct titration, substitution titration and indirect titration are the forms of complexometric titration, in which the Eriochrome Black T indicator is most commonly used.

Redox titration:

In this type of titrimetric titration, there is a redox reaction between an analyte and a titrant. Iodimetry, cerimetry, permanganometry, bromatometry and dichrometry are some of the most common redox reactions. They are based on the oxidation-reduction process between the analyte and the titrant. For redox titration, a redox indicator (eg, phenanthroline) or a potentiometer is usually used.

In volumetric analysis, the accuracy of results depends on the use of precise glassware or devices, such as volumetric flasks, burettes, and pipettes, all of which must be calibrated. The exact weight of the substance is another important factor in obtaining accurate results.